电池寿命模型

中心议题：
       *电池两大失效风险

前天听了这个话题，在此记录一下吧。

电池寿命预测，是当前每家打算做PHEV和EV的公司（车或者是电池）都要做的事情，许许多多研究机构和企业正在这方面投入巨大的精力和资源。市面上也有一些仿真软件工具，可以告诉你电池大概能用多少时间，前提是你要相信这个模型。

《Battery Life Estimator Manual Linear Modeling and Simulation》

电池寿命模型方面，NREL有着较多的研究，我在这里把它的一些结论进行一些整理，希望对大家有用。

A Battery Life Prediction Method for Hybrid Power Applications Impact of the 3Cs of Batteries on PHEV Value Proposition Cost, Calendar Life, and Cycle Life PHEV Battery Trade-Off Study and Standby Thermal Control

对于目前电池而言，两个大的失效风险是内阻上升和容量下降，这在我的参加博客大赛 （有空帮忙投一下吧）的文章已经引用过了。

对于引起这两个退化的原因，可以见下图：

最为明显的就是放电深度（DOD），国内的某些厂家甚至玩到70%左右，这个实在让人觉得危险啊。特别是在容量退化不均匀以后，可能造成的问题将非常大。

可以看出，衰减的过程与存放时间（从出厂至回收的时间），温度（环境温度和工作温度），DOD窗口（这个参数与充放电功率有直接的关系），电压，回收标准（容量衰减）。

目前人们做的事情，就是通过各种各样的实验进行测量，并且通过数据处理后回归得到模型（关于电池模型的事情，已在文章中探讨）。

对于测试方面，很多人用数据进行了佐证，主要是温度方面的数据（电池实验实在太耗时间与金钱了，通过确定温度的影响，最后用加温度的办法提高应力，可以节约大量的时间与金钱）。

我将摘录《Cycle-life model for graphite-LiFePO4 cells》这篇文章的部分结论，这篇文章非常有趣，建议大家可以去看一下。

最后：

有个兄弟收集了不少的电池模型上的论文，大家有想法的可以去看看。

1、A Generic Battery Model for the Dynamic Simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 
2、Hybrid Electric Vehicle Modeling and Analysis in Generic Modeling Environment 
3、Electrical battery model for use in dynamic electric vehicle simulations 
4、An Enhanced Dynamic Battery Model of Lead-Acid Batteries Using Manufacturers' Data 
5、Modeling of Lithium-Ion Battery for Energy Storage System Simulation
6、Accurate electrical battery model capable of predicting runtime and I-V performance 
7、Battery-charging model to study transient dynamics of battery at high frequency 
8、A Dynamic Battery Model for Co-design in Cyber-Physical Systems 
9、Dynamic Battery Modeling of Lead-Acid Batteries using Manufacturers' Data 
10、Performance analysis of lead acid battery model for hybrid power system 
11、New Battery Model and State-of-Health Determination Through Subspace Parameter Estimation and State-Observer Techniques 
12、Modeling and Real Time Estimation of Lumped Equivalent Circuit Model of a Lithium Ion Battery 
13、Battery Model Parameters Estimation with the Sigma Point Kalman Filter 
14、Comparison of reduced order lithium-ion battery models for control applications 
15、Electrical component model for a nickel-cadmium electric vehicle traction battery 
16、A new battery model for use with battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles power systems
17、Lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation with a Kalman Filter based on a electrochemical model 
18、Dynamic lithium-ion battery model for system simulation 
19、Development of improved Li-ion battery model incorporating thermal and rate factor effects 
20、Parameter identification of the lead-acid battery model 
21、A dynamic lithium-ion battery model considering the effects of temperature and capacity fading 
22、A discrete-time battery model for high-level power estimation 
23、Generic Battery Model based on a Parametric Implementation 
24、Determination of lead-acid battery capacity via mathematical modeling techniques 
25、Improved wind farm’s power availability by battery energy storage systems: modeling and control 
26、Battery model for overcurrent protection simulation of DC distribution systems 
27、Improving battery design with electro-thermal modeling 
28、The validation of a thermal battery model using electrically-inert and active batteries 
29、Modelling of high power automotive batteries by the use of an automated test system 
30、A battery model for monitoring of and corrective action on lead-acid EV batteries 
31、Battery Model using Advice Computer Simulation of PIN Diodes and RLC Circuit Topology 
32、Modelling and simulation of a distributed battery management system 
33、Modeling battery efficiency with parallel branches 
34、Dynamic model for characteristics of Li-ion battery on electric vehicle 
35、Battery Management System Based on Battery Nonlinear Dynamics Modeling 
36、Two electrical models of the lead-acid battery used in a dynamic voltage restorer 
37、A mathematical model for lead-acid batteries 
38、Mathematical modeling and simulation of lead acid battery 
39、An aging model of Ni-MH batteries for hybrid electric vehicles 
40、Fuzzy Clustering Based Multi-model Support Vector Regression State of Charge Estimator for Lithium-ion Battery of Electric Vehicle 
41、Battery pack modeling for the analysis of battery management system of a hybrid electric vehicle 
42、Simulation model for discharging a lead-acid battery energy storage system for load leveling 
43、Simulation model for discharging a lead-acid battery energy storage system for load leveling 1
44、Advanced Electro-Thermal Modeling of Lithium-Ion Battery System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications 
45、ADVISOR-based model of a battery and an ultra-capacitor energy source for hybrid electric vehicles 
46、New Method for Estimation Modeling of SOC of Battery 
47、From Li-ion single cell model to battery pack simulation 
48、An algorithm for battery modeling and life time maximization of small size electric systems 
49、Economic models for battery energy storage: improvements for existing methods 
50、High-performance battery-pack power estimation using a dynamic cell model